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Analysis of Measurements of Saharan Dust by Airborne and Ground-based Remote Sensing Methods during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE)

机译：波多黎各粉尘试验（PRIDE）中通过机载和地面遥感方法测量的撒哈拉尘埃的分析

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For 26 days in mid-June and July 2000, a research group comprised of U.S. Navy, NASA, and university scientists conducted the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE). In this paper we give a brief overview of mean meteorological conditions during the study. We focus on findings on African dust transported into the Caribbean utilizing Navajo aircraft and AERONET Sun photometer data. During the study midvisible aerosol optical thickness (AOT) in Puerto Rico averaged 0.25, with a maximum less than 0.5 and with clean marine periods of _0.08. Dust AOTs near the coast of Africa (Cape Verde Islands and Dakar) averaged _0.4, 30% less than previous years. By analyzing dust vertical profiles in addition to supplemental meteorology and MPLNET lidar data we found that dust transport cannot be easily categorized into any particular conceptual model. Toward the end of the study period, the vertical distribution of dust was similar to the commonly assumed Saharan Air Layer (SAL) transport. During the early periods of the study, dust had the highest concentrations in the marine and convective boundary layers with only a, weak dust layer in the SAL being present, a state usually associated with wintertime transport patterns. We corroborate the findings of Maring et al. that in most cases, there was an unexpected lack of vertical stratification of dust particle size. We systematically analyze processes which may impact dust vertical distribution and determine and speculate that dust vertical distribution predominately influenced by flow patterns over Africa and differential advection couple with mixing by easterly waves and regional subsidence.
机译：在2000年6月中旬和2000年7月的26天中，由美国海军，NASA和大学科学家组成的研究小组进行了波多黎各粉尘实验（PRIDE）。在本文中，我们简要概述了研究期间的平均气象条件。我们重点研究利用纳瓦霍飞机和AERONET太阳光度计数据将非洲尘埃运入加勒比海的情况。在研究过程中，波多黎各的中视气溶胶光学厚度（AOT）平均为0.25，最大值小于0.5，且海洋清洁时期为_0.08。非洲海岸（佛得角群岛和达喀尔）附近的粉尘AOT平均为_0.4，比往年减少30％。除了补充气象学和MPLNET激光雷达数据外，通过分析灰尘垂直剖面，我们发现灰尘运输不易分类为任何特定的概念模型。在研究期末，粉尘的垂直分布类似于通常假定的撒哈拉空气层（SAL）传输。在研究的早期阶段，海洋和对流边界层中的灰尘浓度最高，而SAL中仅存在较弱的灰尘层，这种状态通常与冬季的运输方式有关。我们证实了Maring等人的发现。在大多数情况下，出乎意料的是缺乏垂直的尘埃粒度分层。我们系统地分析了可能影响粉尘垂直分布的过程，并确定并推测粉尘垂直分布主要受非洲上空的流型和对流平流以及东风和区域沉降混合的影响。

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